Everything about Strontium-89 totally explained
The
alkali earth metal strontium (
Sr) has four stable, naturally occurring
isotopes:
84Sr (0.56%),
86Sr (9.86%),
87Sr (7.0%) and
88Sr (82.58%). Only
87Sr is
radiogenic; it's produced by decay from the
radioactive alkali metal
87Rb, which has a
half-life of 4.88 × 10
10 years. Thus, there are two sources of
87Sr in any material: that formed during primordial nucleo-synthesis along with
84Sr,
86Sr and
88Sr, as well as that formed by radioactive decay of
87Rb. The ratio
87Sr/
86Sr is the parameter typically reported in
geologic investigations; ratios in minerals and
rocks have values ranging from about 0.7 to greater than 4.0. Because strontium has an
electron configuration similar to that of
calcium, it readily substitutes for Ca in
minerals.
Sixteen unstable isotopes are known to exist. Of greatest importance is
strontium-90 (
90Sr) with a
half-life of 28.78 years. It is a by-product of
nuclear fission which is found in
nuclear fallout and presents a health problem since it substitutes for calcium in
bone, preventing expulsion from the body. Strontium-90 decays by emitting an
electron and an
anti-neutrino (
Because strontium-90 is one of the best long-lived high-energy
beta emitters known it's used in SNAP (
Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power) devices. These devices hold promise for use in
spacecraft, remote weather stations, navigational buoys, etc, where a lightweight, long-lived, nuclear-electric power source is required. The
1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident contaminated a vast area with
90Sr.
Standard atomic mass: 87.62(1)
u
Table
nuclide
symbol |
Z(p) |
N(n) |
isotopic mass (u)
|
half-life |
nuclear
spin |
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction) |
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction) |
| excitation energy |
| 73Sr |
38 |
35 |
72.96597(64)# |
>25 ms |
1/2-# |
|
|
| 74Sr |
38 |
36 |
73.95631(54)# |
50# ms [>1.5µs] |
0+ |
|
|
| 75Sr |
38 |
37 |
74.94995(24) |
88(3) ms |
(3/2-) |
|
|
| 76Sr |
38 |
38 |
75.94177(4) |
7.89(7) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 77Sr |
38 |
39 |
76.937945(10) |
9.0(2) s |
5/2+ |
|
|
| 78Sr |
38 |
40 |
77.932180(8) |
159(8) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 79Sr |
38 |
41 |
78.929708(9) |
2.25(10) min |
3/2(-) |
|
|
| 80Sr |
38 |
42 |
79.924521(7) |
106.3(15) min |
0+ |
|
|
| 81Sr |
38 |
43 |
80.923212(7) |
22.3(4) min |
1/2- |
|
|
| 82Sr |
38 |
44 |
81.918402(6) |
25.36(3) d |
0+ |
|
|
| 83Sr |
38 |
45 |
82.917557(11) |
32.41(3) h |
7/2+ |
|
|
| 83mSr |
259.15(9) keV |
4.95(12) s |
1/2- |
|
|
| 84Sr |
38 |
46 |
83.913425(3) |
STABLE |
0+ |
0.0056(1) |
0.0055-0.0058 |
| 85Sr |
38 |
47 |
84.912933(3) |
64.853(8) d |
9/2+ |
|
|
| 85mSr |
238.66(6) keV |
67.63(4) min |
1/2- |
|
|
| 86Sr |
38 |
48 |
85.9092602(12) |
STABLE |
0+ |
0.0986(1) |
0.0975-0.0999 |
| 86mSr |
2955.68(21) keV |
455(7) ns |
8+ |
|
|
| 87Sr |
38 |
49 |
86.9088771(12) |
STABLE |
9/2+ |
0.0700(1) |
0.0694-0.0714 |
| 87mSr |
388.533(3) keV |
2.815(12) h |
1/2- |
|
|
| 88Sr |
38 |
50 |
87.9056121(12) |
STABLE |
0+ |
0.8258(1) |
0.8229-0.8275 |
| 89Sr |
38 |
51 |
88.9074507(12) |
50.57(3) d |
5/2+ |
|
|
| 90Sr |
38 |
52 |
89.907738(3) |
28.90(3) a |
0+ |
|
|
| 91Sr |
38 |
53 |
90.910203(5) |
9.63(5) h |
5/2+ |
|
|
| 92Sr |
38 |
54 |
91.911038(4) |
2.66(4) h |
0+ |
|
|
| 93Sr |
38 |
55 |
92.914026(8) |
7.423(24) min |
5/2+ |
|
|
| 94Sr |
38 |
56 |
93.915361(8) |
75.3(2) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 95Sr |
38 |
57 |
94.919359(8) |
23.90(14) s |
1/2+ |
|
|
| 96Sr |
38 |
58 |
95.921697(29) |
1.07(1) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 97Sr |
38 |
59 |
96.926153(21) |
429(5) ms |
1/2+ |
|
|
| 97m1Sr |
308.13(11) keV |
170(10) ns |
(7/2)+ |
|
|
| 97m2Sr |
830.8(2) keV |
255(10) ns |
(11/2-)# |
|
|
| 98Sr |
38 |
60 |
97.928453(28) |
0.653(2) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 99Sr |
38 |
61 |
98.93324(9) |
0.269(1) s |
3/2+ |
|
|
| 100Sr |
38 |
62 |
99.93535(14) |
202(3) ms |
0+ |
|
|
| 101Sr |
38 |
63 |
100.94052(13) |
118(3) ms |
(5/2-) |
|
|
| 102Sr |
38 |
64 |
101.94302(12) |
69(6) ms |
0+ |
|
|
| 103Sr |
38 |
65 |
102.94895(54)# |
50# ms [>300ns] |
|
|
|
| 104Sr |
38 |
66 |
103.95233(75)# |
30# ms [>300ns] |
0+ |
|
|
| 105Sr |
38 |
67 |
104.95858(75)# |
20# ms [>300ns] |
|
|
|
==
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